PHP

The goal of this course is to give students a thorough understanding of PHP programming for web development. Students will gain knowledge about integrating PHP with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and MySQL to construct dynamic and interactive websites. Database integration, session management, security issues, fundamental PHP ideas, and web development best practices are all covered in the course.

Prerequisites: A basic understanding of JavaScript, HTML, and CSS is advised. Although not required, prior knowledge of programming concepts would be advantageous.

Syllabus

1. Introduction to PHP
   • History and evolution of PHP
   • Setting up PHP development environment
   • Writing and running PHP scripts
   • PHP syntax and basic constructs
2. PHP Variables and Data Types
   • Variable declaration and assignment
   • Type conversion and type juggling
3. Control Structures in PHP
   • Conditional statements (if-else, switch)
   • Looping structures (for, while, do-while)
   • Break and continue statements
4. PHP Functions
   • Defining and invoking functions
   • Passing arguments to functions
   • Returning values from functions
   • Variable scope and global keyword
5. Arrays and Array Functions
   • Creating and manipulating arrays
   • Array functions for sorting, searching, and manipulation
   • Associative arrays and multidimensional arrays
6. PHP Forms and Form Handling
   • Creating HTML forms
   • Handling form data using PHP
   • Form validation and error handling
   • Sanitizing user input
7. Working with Databases (MySQL)
   • Introduction to relational databases
   • MySQL database setup and configuration
   • Performing CRUD operations using PHP and MySQL
   • Database abstraction with PDO (PHP Data Objects)
8. Session Management and Cookies
   • Using sessions to maintain state
   • Setting and retrieving cookies
   • Session security considerations
   • Implementing login/logout functionality
9. Object-Oriented PHP
   • Classes, objects, and properties
   • Methods and visibility modifiers
   • Constructors and destructors
   • Inheritance, polymorphism, and interfaces
10. File Handling and Manipulation
    • Reading from and writing to files
    • File upload and handling file uploads
    • Directory operations and file system functions
11. Security Best Practices in PHP
    • SQL injection prevention
    • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) prevention
    • Data validation and sanitization
    • Secure password hashing and authentication
12. Introduction to PHP Frameworks
    • Overview of popular PHP frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony,
      CodeIgniter, etc.
    • Advantages of using frameworks for web development
    • Basic concepts and features of a chosen framework